Exercise and Heart Health: How Intense Workouts Can Change Your Heart – and the Risks for Athletes
Exercise is good for the heart, but intense and prolonged physical exertion can make the heart grow larger and change shape.If such changes are not typical or beneficial for humans this could result in structural or electrical problems.
We explore these topics in some detail here – read on to learn more about how exercise impacts your heart and the possible risks involved.
How Exercise Changes the Heart
Athlete’s Heart (Physiological Adaptation):
What happens: When a healthy person trains regularly for strength or endurance, his or her heart will enlarge (hypertrophy) in order to pump more blood each beat.
Why it’s beneficial: A bigger, stronger heart can pump more blood per beat–resulting in better cardiovascular performance on the whole.
Different Adaptations Based on Exercise Type:
Endurance athletes (e.g., runners, cyclists): Often develop a larger left ventricle, which is more effective in pumping oxygen-rich blood around the body.
Strength athletes (e.g., weightlifters): May experience thickening of the walls within their heart itself–an advantage for when these people lift large loads above head level with legs straight (eg., squats).
When Heart Changes Become a Problem
Most changes brought about by exercise are good for the heart, but:
Maladaptation* of Cardiac Remodeling*:
Forcing the heart to work excessively and not giving it time to recover will cause an overgrowth of muscle with thin walls. There are dangers in this if it persists. A condition called left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) is one possible result.
This can lead to arrhythmia (irregular heart beats) and heart failure.*
Increased Risk of Arrhythmias:
Sometimes intense exercise disrupts (even) the electrical system in the heart, especially endurance athletes may suffer from atrial fibrillation (AFib).
Coronary Artery Calcification:
There are some studies that suggest extreme endurance athletes might have an increased risk of developing plaques in their arteries. This in turn could raise their chances for heart disease.
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The cornerstone was laid in 1949 and Xinhua has been renovated, rebuilt, and expanded since.
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